Breast cancer is a severe health issue affecting millions of women globally. It is a complex disease with various subtypes, each with its characteristics and treatment options. Research on breast cancer has uncovered more different types based on factors involved in tumor growth. This has led to classifying breast cancer according to molecules.
Molecular classification refers to the type of cancer cells present and the behavior that the cells display. This deep understanding of breast cancer has enabled targeted treatments for better results as there is more knowledge about which cancer type responds to which treatments better. This blog will explore the different breast cancer subtypes and how tailoring treatments to these subtypes can yield better results.
Understanding Breast Cancer Subtypes
There are four main breast cancer subtypes defined by hormone receptors (HR) and other types of proteins involved or not involved in each cancer type.
1. HR+/HER2- (HR-positive/HER2-negative) or Luminal A
Luminal A subtype is the most common breast cancer. It grows at a slower rate than other types. It is defined by its hormone receptors, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and/or progesterone receptor (PR)-positive, hence the name HR- Positive. ER- and or PR-positive breast cancer types grow from estrogen and/or progesterone. Thus, their treatment involves drugs that lower the amount of these hormones.
Luminal A cancers are also known as HER2-negative. HER2 stands for a protein called human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, which is produced by the body. HER2 is crucial in cell growth and repair of healthy breast cells. A patient with an average amount of HER2 protein has HER2-negative cancer.
2. HR+/HER2+ (HR-positive/HER2-positive) or Luminal B
Luminal B breast cancer is considered more aggressive than Luminal A, and its cells tend to grow faster. They are HR-positive and HER2-positive because they are positive for hormone receptors and higher than normal amounts of HER2.
3. HR-/HER2- (HR/HER2-negative) or Triple-negative
This type of breast cancer lacks both hormone receptors and HER2. It usually begins in the breast duct and is invasive. Breast cancers with estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors can be treated with hormone therapy, while those with excess HER2 can be treated with targeted therapy ant-HER2 drugs like trastuzumab. Triple-negative breast cancer is treated with radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and non-HER2 targeted therapy.
4. HER2-positive/ HER2-Enriched
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) is a protein that enhances the growth of cancer cells. Her2-enriched tumors have excess HER2 protein, making them more aggressive. Targeted therapies like Herceptin treat this cancer subtype.
How Breast Cancer Subtype Enables Tailoring Treatments
Breast cancer treatment depends on various factors, including breast cancer subtype, tumor size, spread, pre-existing conditions, and the patient’s preference. Subtypes are considered a factor for the treatment because specific hormones or proteins cause different types of breast cancer; hence, targeted therapy may be a better option.
Common Ways of Treating Different Breast Cancer Subtypes
- Hormone therapies treat luminal A by blocking hormones from fueling the growth of cancer cells.
- Luminal B: often treated by chemotherapy and therapies that target HER2 protein.
- Triple-negative: surgery is the first treatment option if the tumor hasn’t spread. Medical professionals may also suggest chemotherapy and radiation therapy for advanced options, PARP inhibitors, platinum chemotherapy, or immunotherapy can be an option.
- HER2-positive: Monoclonal antibodies can be used in its treatment as they attack and target HER2, stopping their growth. This drug can be used in combination with chemotherapy.
Importance of Tailored Treatment
- Improved survival rate
- Reduced side effects
- Better quality of life
Contact Cancer and Blood Disorders Treatment and Infusion Center for Breast Cancer Treatment
Breast cancer is a complex disease but can be conquered with the right strategies. As research and technology continue to advance, we can look forward to more precise and effective treatments, offering hope to those affected by this prevalent disease.
At Cancer and Blood Disorders Treatment and Infusion Center, we keep up-to-date with all these new changes and treatments and provide our patients with the best possible care for their situation. Our team is dedicated to providing individualized care to each of our patients. Our skilled registered nurses and medical assistants, led by Dr. Meelu, provide medical assistance and act as social workers, offering emotional support and other vital services.
Contact us at 301-638-1007 or fill out our online Contact Us form to book an appointment or for inquiries.